Nthenda ya Nkhumba Yaku Africa Yikambaso Ku South Korea Pakati pajumpha Myezi Yitatu

Lamlungu lajumpha, famu ya nkhumba ku South Korea iyo yikaŵa na nkhumba 2,400 yikakhozgera kuti pali nthenda ya nkhumba ya ku Africa (ASF) . Pakati pajumpha myezi yitatu pera kufuma apo munthu uyo ​​wakasangika na suzgo ili wakasangikira pa Meyi 4, charu ichi chili pa chenjezgo likuru kuti chileke kuthandazgika kwa nthenda iyi.

Malinga na nyuzipepara ya Korea Herald, gulu la ASF ilo likulongozgeka na boma likapharazga kuti ŵanthu ŵali kusanga kuti ŵali na suzgo la ASF pa famu ya nkhumba mu chigaŵa cha Goseong, mu chigaŵa cha Gangwon . Famu iyi ndiyo yekha famu ya nkhumba iyo yili pa mtunda wa makilomita ghatatu. Pali mafamu ghanyake ghaŵiri agho ghali mu mtunda wa makilomita 10 ndipo ghali na nkhumba 3,100.

Kufika sono, kufuma apo nthenda iyi yikambira mu Seputembala 2019 , South Korea yakhozgera kuti ŵanthu 18 ŵali na ASF mu mafamu gha nkhumba gha mu chigaŵa chawo. Ŵalara ŵa boma ŵakakoma nkhumba zakujumpha 450,000 kufuma mu mafamu 14 gha nkhumba mu mazuŵa 30 ghakwamba . Kusazgapo nkhumba za mu thengere, ŵanthu ŵakukwana 1,517 ŵasangika kuti ŵali na nthenda ya nkhumba za ku Africa .

Pasono palije katemera wa ASF . Kufuma apo nthenda iyi yikambira ku Vietnam, yikapharazgaso kuti yizamumalizga kafukufuku wa katemera mu vyaka viŵiri ivyo vikwiza, ndiposo ku Philippines kuli malipoti ghakuti yikukhazga kuti yizamuyamba katemera wa ASFV kuumaliro wa Ogasiti chaka chino . Mosasamala kanthu za umo pa intaneti propaganda,tikwenera kuŵa na maghanoghano ghawemi pali kumanya kwakupulikikwa kwa kuthekera kwa katemera wa ASFV. Vyalo vyakutukuka vyapanga katemera wa ASFV kwa vyaka makumi ghanandi, kweni vindakwaniske. Nchakukhozga kuyowoya kuti pazamuŵavya katemera wa ASFV pa msika mu vyaka 10 ivyo vikwiza. Chifukwa wuli tikuti ivi vikukhwaskana na mikhaliro ya ASFV iyi.

Kupanga katemera wa mitundu yakupambanapambana kwatondeka mwakulondezganako .

1. Katemera wambura kugwira ntchito

Nangauli awo ŵakuyezga ŵangapanga ma antibodies ghapachanya-titer para ŵapokera katemera, kwali ni maselo-cultured ASFV panji katemera wambura kugwira ntchito, walije chivikiliro chiwemi. Ma antibodies agho ghakupangika para munthu wapokera katemera ghangachepeska waka titer ya virus, kweni ghangakoma yayi virus yose. Nanga ni seramu ya nkhumba iyo yikulimbana na nkhumba yingakoma yayi ASFV. Ndiko kuti, katemera wangapanga ma antibodies, kweni virus iyi yikugwira ntchito yayi para yafika. Kupanga katemera wambura kugwira ntchito kukatondeka.

2. Katemera wakuchepeskeka

ASFV yingachepeskeka para yajumphapo kanandi waka, ndipo nkhumba izo zapokera katemera na mitundu yakuchepeskeka zingapanga waka chitetezo chinyake cha chitetezo ku mitundu ya homologous virulent. Kweni apo chiŵelengero cha vigaŵa vikusazgikira, apo nkhongono za matenda zikuchepa, nkhongono za chitetezo cha thupi nazo zikuchepa.

Mwakuyana waka, ma antibodies agho ghakupangika na katemera wakucepeskeka ghakovwira waka pa mtundu umoza. Chinthu chachikulu nchakuti magulu gha virus agho ghakusambizgika mu nthowa iyi ghakugwira ntchito yayi.

Pali suzgo linyake likuru comene. Pamanyuma pa katemera na katemera wakuchepeskeka, wangapangiska matenda ghambura kumara pa 25-50% ya nkhumba. Ichi nchinthu chakofya chomene, chifukwa nkhumba zamoyo zikukoleka mwaluŵiro para zapokera katemera.

Kasi ni njani uyo wakukhumba yayi kuti nkhumba zawo zamoyo zikoleke na virus ya non-pest? Ntheura katemera uyo wakacepeskeka wakatondeka.

3. Katemera wakufumiskiramo majini

Mu fundo, pakuyaniska na katemera wakuchepeskeka wa chikhalidwe, katemera wakuchepeskeka wa gene- wali na vitumbiko vikuru pakukhozga chivikiliro na kugwira ntchito makora. Majini gha ASFV virulence na majini ghakukhwaskana na host range- ghamanyikwa. Mitundu yakuchepeskeka iyo yikusoŵa jini la thymidine kinase ndiposo ŵanyake ŵanandi ŵa mu mbumba ya multi-gene ŵangakana kuwukira kwa matenda ghakuyana waka.

Kweni, chitetezo cha thupi cha mitundu yakuchepa nkhongono icho chikupangika na kufumiskikapo kwa majini chikuthembaso pa mitundu-. Kweniso chifukwa chakuti majini gha virus ya African swine fever ghakusuzga chomene, ghali na majini ghakukwana 12 ghakuchimbira chitetezo cha thupi. Kasi ni jini wuli ilo lingaponyekapo ilo lingacepeskako virus iyi. Poizoni kwambura kukhwaska immunogenicity ndiyo yikuŵikika pakwamba ndiposo suzgo la kafukufuku wa sono. Kusazga apo, katemera uyo wakupangika sonosono apa wakuchepeskeka wamoyo wakuchepeskeka chomene yayi, ndipo pali vyakuchitika vyakuwonekerathu para munthu wapokera katemera chifukwa cha kachirombo aka. Kweniso, mikhaliro yakupangira katemera wakuchepeskeka njapachanya chomene. Kusazgirapo apa, ni fundo yakusuzgaso kusanga mizere yikuru yakukwana- yakupanga maselo . .

Mu mazgu ghanyake, katemera wakufumiskiramo majini wakukhwaskika na kuthemba kwa mtundu, mikhaliro ya genome yikuru, vyakuchitika vinyake, na mzere wa maselo ghakujumpha, ndipo katemera wakufumiskiramo majini watondeka.

4. Katemera wa subunit

Uwemi wa katemera wa subunit ngwakuti ngwakuvikilirika chomene, ndipo wangapambaniska pakati pa mavairasi gha katemera na ma antibody agho ghakupangika na mavairasi gha mu thengere. Kweni pali mitundu yinandi ya mapulotini ghakupangika na kachirombo ka African swine fever, ndipo nchakusuzga kuti thupi liŵe na chitetezo chiwemi mwa kugomezga waka mapulotini ghamoza panji ghanandi.

Kafukufuku wasanga kuti ASFV neutralizing antibodies yikulongozgeka ku mapulotini ghatatu gha mavairasi , p30 , p54 na p72 . Katemera wa p30 na p54 pa nyengo yimoza wangapereka waka chivikiliro pafupifupi 50%. Mapulotini gha CD2v gha 80 na 81 ASFV ghangapereka waka chivikiliro chichokovichoko.

Ntheura, chifukwa cha mitundu yakupambanapambana ya mapulotini ghakupangika na ŵanthu ndiposo chifukwa chakuti ghakuvikilira yayi ŵanthu, katemera wa subunit watondeka.

5. Katemera wa DNA

Ŵakufufuza ŵakakoleska majini gha p54 na p30 mu plasmid iyo yikapangika pCMV-PQ kuti yilongore mapulotini gha p30 na p54 agho ghakusungunuka, kweni katemera wa DNA uyo wakapangika na nthowa iyi wakasanga yayi chitetezo chakukhorweska cha chitetezo cha thupi pamanyuma pakuti ŵapeleka katemera ku nkhumba. Fundo yiwemi njakuti ŵasuskane na nkhumba izo zapokera katemera, ndipo nkhumba izo zapona zilije chinthu chakuwuskapo poizoni.

Pa katemera wa DNA wakuvikilira nkhongono ya low-impact, katemera wa DNA wakatondeka.

Kuthekera kwa munthazi .

Pasono, katemera wa subunit na katemera wa DNA sonosono apa ŵakusanda na kupanga. Nangauli ŵachali ŵakutondeka kupereka chivikiliro chakukhora, apo masuzgo agho ghayowoyeka pachanya- ghakutondeka limoza na limoza, pali chigomezgo chakuti katemera uyo wangaŵa na chivikiliro chikuru wangapangika. Pasono, United States na vyaru vinyake vichali kulutilira kusambira.

Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, kafukufuku uyo ​​wakuchitika pa katemera wa nthenda ya nkhumba za ku Africa wakuchitika usiku umoza yayi, ndipo pachali nthowa yitali chomene pambere katemera weneco wa nthenda ya nkhumba za ku Africa wandaŵe pa msika.

Pakwamba, katemera wambura kukhwima wakusoŵa jini-wakaŵikika pa msika, uyo wakapangiska kuti virus iyi yithandazgike, na chiŵelengero chikuru cha chivikiliro na chiŵelengero chikuru cha nyifwa, ndipo yikalutilira kuthandazgika mwakudumura na mwakuyimilira mu malo ghakuchitikirapo. M’malo mwake, vyapangiska kuti nkhumba ziŵe na suzgo likuru mu charu chane, ndipo vikukhwaskaso mafamu ghanandi, chomenechomene mafamu ghakuru-. Para ŵalembeka, nchakusuzga chomene kuŵawuskapo, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti ŵataye ndalama zinandi. Nthowa yasono yakutetezera na kulaŵilira muliri wambura - yikukhazikika pa chivikiliro cha vyamoyo. Kuchita ndondomeko yakukhumbikwa yakuteteza na kulaŵilira ndiyo nthowa yimoza pera yakutetezera viheni vyambura-pa nyengo yasono .